Le sequoia géant

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Le Sequioa giganteum Taxadiaceae est aussi appelé Wellingtonia. Son nom de sequoia viendrait  de l’indien Cherokee See-Quayah ou Sequajah

C’est l’arbre emblématique du National Park en Californie, Etats-Unis.

Grand arbre à croissance rapide de 30 a 50m, son houppier est formé d’une pyramide dense régulière ; les feuilles sont des aiguilles persistantes, pointues, alternes, spiralées, s’écartant du rameau (elles sont différentes du sequoia sempervirens rappelant les feuilles d‘if. L’écorce est épaisse, fibreuse, crevassée et peu résistante, elle a une couleur brun-rouge, le fruit est un cône solitaire pendant, ovoïde, de 4 à 8cm de long, il est formé d’écailles en spirale et en forme de losange.

Signalé dès 1833 en Californie mais dénommé seulement en 1939, c’est un ensemble de vieux arbres de 80-85m de hauteur à extrémité souvent brisée largement introduit dans les parcs et jardins. L’un a été percé pour le passage des voitures et appelé le « Général Grant » et a été le plus célèbre. Aujourd’hui le «  Général Sherman » est au premier rang dans le monde.

Le séquoia est largement planté en France dès la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle surtout isolé ou sur la place des gares.

Il est remarquable par son âge, sa beauté, sa forme et dégage une énergie de survie considérable. Ce n’est ni le plus vieux ni le plus haut du monde des arbres mais il possède une silhouette majestueuse.

Il a par contre peu d’intérêt économique.

Son avenir est incertain aujourd’hui dans les parcs et les jardins. Il lui faut des terres humides, profondes et fraiches et il dépérit sur les sols calcaires ou siliceux secs. Il est sensible au passage des véhicules automobiles.

Nous avons opéré ici une sélection que chacun peut compléter :

Le sequoia de la place de la gare est bien connu des Rambolitains.

Il en existe également dix, dans le parc du château.

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